Required fields are marked *. During expansion, some of the refrigerants get evaporated in the valve itself and most of the liquids get evaporated in the evaporator. The main components of a refrigeration system are the condenser, the compressor, the evaporator and the expansion valve. Compressors are classified into three major types: The compressor in which vapor refrigerant is compressed by the reciprocating (back and forth) motion of the piston in a cylinder is known as reciprocating compressor. As such, the refrigerant is slightly superheated at the outlet of the evaporator. The function of the valve is to allow high- pressure and high-temperature liquid refrigerant to pass through evaporator. From the receiver it passes through an expansion valve where the pressure is reduced sufficiently to allow the vaporization of liquid at a low temperature of about -10°C.Â. The vapour-compression system is the most commonly used method of refrigeration. The shell and coil evaporator as shown Fig. The compressor and motor have a common shaft and are assembled in a single body. It is different from vapour compression refrigeration system because in this system compressor is replaced with an absorber, pump, and generator. The impeller of the compressor is coupled with the shaft of motor. 17 REFRIGERATOR COMPONENTS. Below are mentioned different types of evaporators: (a) Air-cooled evaporator/dry expansion evaporator (DX-coil). The condensate from the receiver enters the expansion valve and then to the evaporator. Terms of Service 7. As this pressure ratio is very high the size and work done required in case of a single-stage is more, thus COP decreases TO increase COP and reduce work done multi staging is needed. It is then forced from the compressor through the discharge line into the condenser where the heat is removed from the vapor by water or air. This Vapour Compression system mainly consists of a Refrigerator compressor, a liquid compressor, a liquid receiver, a refrigerant control valve also called as an Expansion valve and Evaporator. Due to frictional resistance offered by a small diameter tube, the pressure drops down to evaporator pressure. Reciprocating compressors are available in sizes as small as 0.5- 150 kW. The condenser coil is of finned type. The process is repeated continually as long as the compressor is functioning. is used. Describe the working principle of reciprocating compressors (Section 18.3) 4. 6.15. A small diameter tube can offer the same restrictive effect as the small orifice produces. A most common type of plate evaporator is shown in Fig. If What you looking for is not here, you may send a request to modify articles, Notes, and Content modification, Feedback, Suggestions here (Team will reply as early as Possible ):  Contact Form or Using WhatsappÂ, © 2021 Copyright Learn Mechanical Engineering, Vapor Compression Refrigeration System | Basic, Working, Parts Of System, Advantages, and DisadvantagesÂ. Many scientists have focused their attention to increase the coefficient of performance of the cycle. The Standard Vapour compression Refrigeration System … Working principle of Vapour Compression Cycle. During its condensation, it rejects heat to the surrounding and releases its latent heat to the circulating water or air, i.e., to the atmosphere. It is also used in domestic and commercial refrigerators, large-scale warehouses for chilled or frozen storage of foods and meats, refrigerated trucks and railroad cars, and a host of other commercial and industrial services. In operation, the liquid refrigerant coming out from condenser enters the capillary tube. The vapor-compression uses a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium (usually R134a) which absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere.The figure depicts a typical, single-stage vapor-compression system. Thus cooling effect is produced in evaporator. At point 1 in the diagram, the circulating refrigerant enters the compressor as a saturated vapor. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant is again returned to be admitted through the expansion valve to the evaporator, and the vaporization takes place at low pressure. Its inside diameter used in refrigeration system is about 0.5-2.28 mm. Consequently, the vapor refrigerant condenses and gets recirculated in the refrigeration cycle. from the refrigerant to the condensing medium which is either water or air. The air-cooled condenser is incapable of removing heat rapidly and thus it requires a large surface area of condenser for heat transfer. In this process, a refrigerant is used which can be alternately vaporized and liquefied. Such systems have been built and are available now, Most of the modern refrigerators work on this cycle, in Its simplest form, there are four. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Any components beyond these basic 4 are called accessories. The impeller of the centrifugal compressor has specially designed blades running radially from the center to the outer periphery of the impeller. In this type of condenser, a fan or blower is employed for the circulation of air over the condenser coil. Compressor 2. It consists of following components. The motor can be easily replaced in case of a motor burn out. Receiver 4. The function of the compressor is to draw refrigerant vapor from the evaporator and to raise Its temperature and pressure to such a print to that it may be easily condensed with normally available condensing media. Any change in temperature of refrigerant will cause a change in pressure in the feeler bulb. Advantages of multi-staging in vapor compression system are : 1. Multi-Stage: In the case of a Refrigeration system very low-pressure refrigerant vapors (Evaporator pressure) are to be compressed to very high-pressure refrigerant vapors (Condenser pressure). The heat which is rejected in the condenser might have been picked up while evaporating the refrigerant in evaporator. The liquid refrigerant goes into the evaporator coil and vapor comes out; the coil is always dry. Condenser 3. Privacy Policy 9. It also maintains a continuous flow of the refrigerant through the, The most common compressors used in chillers are, It conveys the high pressure and high-temperature refrigerant from the compressor to the, The function of the condenser is to provide a heat transfer surface through which heat passes. Huge Collection of Essays, Research Papers and Articles on Business Management shared by visitors and users like you. We have already disused that vapor compression cycle essentially consists of compression, condensation, throttling and evaporation. Function Of This valve is to Supply a proper amount of refrigerant to the evaporator after reducing its, pressure considerably so that the refrigerant may take sufficient amount of heat from the. This case study demonstrates the modeling of a vapour compression refrigeration system using R22 as refrigerant. It is generally used for all industrial purposes, from a small domestic refrigerator to large air conditioning plants. Cycle with dry saturated vapor after compression, 2. Alternatively, a refrigeration system can be used for providing cooling in summer and heating in winter. Vapour Absorption Refrigeration system: A Vapour absorption system utilizes the low-grade form of heat energy to produce Cold. 6.14 consists of a coiled tube over which metallic wires are arranged parallel to each other and welded or brazed with the coiled tube surface. The capillary tube is quite a simple device and it is not so costly. In the context of ozone depletion and global warming, the effort is now focused on the Function Of This valve is to Supply a proper amount of refrigerant to the evaporator after reducing its pressure considerably so that the refrigerant may take sufficient amount of heat from the refrigerating space during evaporation. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The lay-out of the system is shown in Figure 1. or Figure 1: Layout of the R22 vapour-compression refrigeration system. The Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle. 5.9 Actual Vapour Compression Cycle 5.10 Multistage Vapour Compression System 5.10.1 Multistage Compression System 5.10.2 Multistage Evaporator System 5.11 Cascade Refrigeration System 5.12 Summary 5.13 Answers to SAQs 5.1 INTRODUCTION Refrigeration systems refer to the different physical components that make up the total refrigeration unit. Cycle with superheated vapor after compression, 4. refrigeration duty using finite time thermodynamics. refrigerant from evaporator is drawn into the compressor through the inlet or suction valve , where it is compressed to a high pressure & temp. Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of the components of a typical vapor-compression refrigeration system. The vapor compression refrigeration system is nowadays used for all purposes. It also maintains a continuous flow of the refrigerant through the system. Compressor 2. If the receiver is not used in small capacity plant, the expansion valve is placed in between condenser and evaporator directly. The automatic expansion valve controls the liquid refrigerant supply to evaporator by maintaining a desired pressure. Volumetric efficiency of compressor increases 3. This lesson discusses the most commonly used refrigeration system, i.e. Figure 6.9 shows a complete assembly of the expansion valve and evaporator. This increases the heat transfer surface which increases the heat removal rate. Thanks to provide detail about all types of laboratory refrigerators, these are used to keep biological research sample in laboratories. Sometimes, the coiled tubes are placed in between two parallel plates and the tubes are embedded in grooves made in both the plates. Work done per kg of refrigerant is reduces by using an intercooler 2. Each application prefers one or another due to size, noise, efficiency and pressure issues. Refrigeration The components of a vapour-compression refrigeration cycle: a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Vapor compression refrigeration system consists of the following important components: 1. Refrigeration involves the removal of heat from spaces, objects or materials while maintaining their temperature below the surrounding atmosphere. From points 1 to 2 on figure-1, low-pressure liquid refrigerant in the evaporatorabsorbs heat from its surrounding environment, usually air, water or some other liquid and gets evaporated into gas. The vapour compression cycle is used in most of the modern refrigeration systems in large industrial plants. . an induced EMF (electromotive force), as the mechanical input causes the rotor to turn. Before uploading and sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Read more about this portal or Sachin Thorat click on below button! Copyright 10. The system is quiet in operation due to less number of moving parts. A refrigeration system can also be used as a heat pump, in which the useful output is the high-temperature heat rejected at the condenser. 1. The condensation process occurs at essentially constant pressure. Vapor-compression uses a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere. An air-cooled condenser is cooled by the ambient air (Fig. components of vapour compression refrigeration system. The conditions over Report a Violation 11. Vapour Compression Refrigeration System 2. When the high-pressure refrigerant vapor enters the condenser heat flows from the condenser to the cooling medium thus allowing the vaporized refrigerant to return to the liquid state. The open-type compressor is flexible in the sense that by varying the speed of the compressor, different capacities can be maintained. The figure shows the basic components of a vapor compression refrigeration system. supplies it to the evaporator according to the requirement. 1. Thus, the evaporator coils are always dry. Sometimes, this valve is also known as refrigerant control valve. Evaporator: This is the part of the refrigeration system that is doing the actual cooling. Types of Condensers: • Air-Cooled • Water-Cooled. 3. Less time required to produce refrigerant effects. 6.8). The article explains the four components of a refrigerator: compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator, as well as the refrigeration cycle. A refrigeration compressor is the heart of a vapour compression refrigeration system. From point 2 to point 3, the vapor travels through part of the condenser which removes the superheat by cooling the vapor. Refrigeration would not exist without these basic components: The 6 Main Components of a Refrigeration System Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) The refrigerant vapor rejects heat at high temperature and pressure to another fluid, either water (in case of water-cooled) or atmospheric air (in case of air-cooled) condenser. It is suitable with the refrigerant which requires a comparatively small displacement at comparatively high pressure (such as R-12, R-22, NH3, etc.). More wear and tear and noise due to low density and the evaporator is automatically by. Used method of refrigeration water comes out ; the coil is in contact the... Basic 4 are called accessories for small-capacity plants such as electrical motors, petrol/diesel engine,.! In mechanical Engineering from a reputed Engineering college has specially designed blades running radially from the is... Is slightly superheated at the left shows the components of VapourComponents of vapour compression refrigeration system R22! 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